Chalcedon in Syriac Perspective

Works Cited

General

Historical background

• W. Baum and Winkler, D. W., Die Apostolische Kirche des Ostens: Geschichte der sogenannten Nestorianer. Klagenfurt: Verlag Kitab, 2000.
• J. - M. Fiey, Jalons pour une histoire de l'église en Iraq. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1970.
• W. H. C. Frend, The rise of the monophysite movement: chapters in the history of the church in the fifth and sixth centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.
• E. Honigmann, Évêques et évêchés monophysites au VIe siècle. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1951.
• J. Labourt, Le christianisme dans l'empire perse sous la dynaste Sassanide (224-632). Paris: Lecoffre, 1904.
• J. F. Coakley and Parry, K., Eds., “The Church of the East: Life and Thought”, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, vol. 78, no. 3, 1996.
• W. A. Wigram, An Introduction to the history of the Assyrian Church or the Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire 100-640 A.D. London: Christian Knowledge Society, 1910.
• W. A. Wigram, The Separation of the Monophysites. London: Faith Press, 1923.
• W. G. Young, “Patriarch, shah and caliph: a study of the relationships of the Church of the East with the Sassanid Empire and the early Caliphates up to 820 A.D. with special reference to available translated Syriac sources”, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, 1974.

Doctrinal History

• A. Grillmeier and T. Hainthaler, Christ in Christian Tradition
  • ​A. Grillmeier, Allen, P., and Cawte, J., Christ in christian tradition. 2: From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590-604). Part 1, Reception and contradiction, the development of the discussion about Chalcedon from 451 to the beginning of the reign of Justinian, vol. 2.1. London: Mowbray, 1987.
  • A. Grillmeier, Hainthaler, T., Cawte, J., and Allen, P., Christ in Christian Tradition. Vol. 2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590-604). Part 2, Church of Constantinople in the Sixth Century, vol. 2.2. London: Mowbray, 1994.
  • A. Grillmeier, Dean, O. C., and Hainthaler, T., Christ in Christian tradition. Vol. 2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590-604). Part 4, The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, vol. 2.4. London: Mowbray, 1996.
• J. Meyendorff, Christ in Eastern Christian Thought. Crestwood: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1987.
• J. Pelikan, The Christian Tradition Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971.
  • Ch. 5
• J. Pelikan, The Christian tradition, Vol. 2: a history of the development of doctrine: the spirit of Eastern Christendom, 600-1700. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
  • Ch. 2.

Some Non-Chalcedonian and Modern Ecumenical Approaches

• Mar Aprem, Council of Ephesus of 431. Trichur: Mar Narsai Press, 1978.
• P. Gregorios, Lazareth, W. Henry, and Nēsiōtēs, N. A., Does Chalcedon divide or unite? Towards convergence in Orthodox Christology. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1981.
• A. Stirnemann and Wilflinger, G., Eds., Syriac dialogue: First Non-Official Consultation on Dialogue within the Syriac tradition, vol. 1. Vienna: Horn, 1994.
  • On the Christology of Church of the East; further volumes, Syriac Dialogue Vols. 2–4, deal with similar aspects.
• V. C. Samuel, The Council of Chalcedon re-examined: a historical and theological survey. Madras: Christian Literature Society for the Senate of Serampore College, 1977.
• K. Sarkissian, The Council of Chalcedon and the Armenian Church, 1st ed. New York: The Armenian Church Prelacy, 1965.

Doctrinal Positions of the Syriac Churches

Non-Chalcedonian: Reject Chalcedon (451) Accept Ephesus I & II	Chalcedonian: Reject Ephesus II (449)	Non-Chalcedonian: Reject Ephesus I (432) & II Ambivalent over Chalcedon
	MARONITE
	MELKITE
SYRIAN ORTHODOX	SYRIAN CATHOLIC
	SYRO-MALANKARA (India)
	CHALDEAN	CHURCH OF THE EAST
	SYRO-MALABAR (India)

Syriac translations of technical terms

• R. H. Connolly and Baker, J. F. B., “On the History of the Syriac terms ithutha, ithya, kyana parsupa, and qnuma”, in Nestorius and his teaching; a fresh examination of the evidence. With special reference to the newly recovered Apology of Nestorius (The bazaar of Heraclides)., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1908, pp. 212-232.
• S. P. Brock, “The Christology of the Church of the East”, in Traditions and Heritage of the Christian East, A. V. Muraviev and Afinogenov, D., Eds. Moscow: Izd-vo "Indrik", 1996.. [see below: Church of the East, Secondary Literature]
• A. de Halleux, “La philoxenienne du symbole”, in Symposium Syriacum, vol. 2, F. Graffin and Guillaumont, A., Eds. Rome: Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies , 1978, pp. 295-315.
• J. Gribomont, “La cathéchèse de Severe d’Antioche et le Credo”, Parole de l'Orient, vol. 6, pp. 125–158, 1975.
• W. A. Wigram, An Introduction to the history of the Assyrian Church or the Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire 100-640 A.D. London: Christian Knowledge Society, 1910.

Shifts in Translation Practice

(A)

1. ܠܒܫ ܦܓܪܐ (lbesh pagra) “he put on a body”
2. ܐܬܓܫܡ (’ethgashsham) “he was embodied”
3. ܐܬܒܣܪ (’ethbassar) “he was enfleshed”

(B)

1. ܒܪ ܟܝܢܐ (bar kyana) “of the same nature” (lit. “son of the nature”).
2. ܒܪ ܐܝܬܘܬܐ (bar ’ithutha) “of the same being”
3. ܫܘܐ ܒܐܝܬܘܬܐ (shawe b-’ithutha) “equal in being”
4. ܫܘܐ ܒܐܘܣܝܐ (shawe b-’usya) “equal in ousia”

Standard Sixth-Century Equivalents

• Transliterated (or ܐܝܬܘܬܐ=’ithutha, esp. in East Syriac texts)
• ܟܝܢܐ (kyana) “nature”.
• ܩܢܘܡܐ (qnoma) “hypostasis, self”, etc.
• Transliterated ܦܪܨܘܦܐ (parsopa)

NB: to Syrian Orthodox ܟܝܢܐ (kyana) is very close in meaning to ܩܢܘܡܐ (qnoma); but to Church of the East ܟܝܢܐ (kyana) is very close in meaning to ܐܘܣܝܐ ܠܐܝܬܘܬܐ (ousia / ’ithutha), while ܩܢܘܡܐ (qnoma) almost has the sense of “particularity” (Syrian Orthodox ܕܝܠܝܬܐ (dilayta)). For general developments in translation practice see S. P. Brock, “Towards a History of Syriac Translation Technique”, in Studies in Syriac christianity: history, literature and theology, Aldershot: Variorum, 2001.

Syrian Orthodox

Main Texts

Severus

• Philalethes

  • R. Hespel, Sévère d'Antioche. Le Philalèthe [Text]. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1952.
  • R. Hespel, Sévère d'Antioche. Le Philalèthe [Translation]. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1952.

• Against the Grammarian

  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni liber contra impium Grammaticum. Orationis tertiae pars prior [Text], vol. 1, 6 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1929.
  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni liber contra impium Grammaticum. Orationis tertiae pars prior [Translation], vol. 2, 6 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1929.
  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni liber contra impium Grammaticum. Orationis tertiae pars posterior [Text], vol. 3, 6 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1933.
  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni liber contra impium Grammaticum. Orationis tertiae pars posterior [Translation], vol. 4, 6 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1933.
  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni liber contra impium Grammaticum. Oratio prima et secunda [Text], vol. 5, 6 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1938.
  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni liber contra impium Grammaticum. Oratio prima et orationis secundae quae supersunt [Translation], vol. 6, 6 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1938.
    • i.e. against John of Caesarea, whose works are edited in M. Aubineau and Richard, M., Iohannis Caesariensis presbyteri et grammatici Opera quae supersunt. Turnhout: Brepols, 1977.

• Correspondence with Sergius

  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni orationes ad Nephalium. Eiusdem ac Sergii Grammatici epistulae mutuae [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1949.
  • J. Lebon, Severi Antiocheni orationes ad Nephalium. Eiusdem ac Sergii Grammatici epistulae mutuae [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1949.
    • English translation in I. R. Torrance, Christology after Chalcedon: Severus of Antioch & Sergius the Monophysite. Norwich: Canterbury Press, 1988.

• Controversy with Julian of Halicarnassus

  • ​R. Hespel, Sévère d'Antioche. La polémique antijulianiste, I [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1964. 
  • R. Hespel, Sévère d'Antioche. La polémique antijulianiste, I [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1964.
  • R. Hespel, Sévère d’Antioche. La polémique antijulianiste, II. A [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1968.
  • R. Hespel, Sévère d’Antioche. La polémique antijulianiste, II. A [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1968.
  • R. Hespel, Sévère d’Antioche. La polémique antijulianiste, III [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1971.
  • R. Hespel, Sévère d’Antioche. La polémique antijulianiste, III [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1971.

• Letters

  • E. W. Brooks, A Collection of Letters of Severus of Antioch, from Numerous Syriac Manuscripts (Letters I to LXI). Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1919.
    • Link to pp. 163-342.​​ 
  • E. W. Brooks, A Collection of Letters of Severus of Antioch, from Numerous Syriac Manuscripts (fasc. II). Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1920.
    • Link to pp. 1-297.

Philoxenus

• Tractatus tres de Trinitate et Incarnatione 

  • A. A. Vaschalde, Philoxeni Mabbugensis tractatus tres de Trinitate et Incarnatione [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Peeters, 1907.
  • A. A. Vaschalde, Philoxeni Mabbugensis tractatus tres de Trinitate et Incarnatione [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1907.

• Three Letters of Philoxenus

  • A. A. Vaschalde, Three letters of Philoxenus, bishop of Mabbogh (485-519) : being the letter to the monks, the first letter to the monks of Beth-Gaugal, and the letter to Emperor Zeno. Rome: Tipografia Della R. Accademia Dei Lincei, 1902.

• Letter to the Monks of Tel ‘Ada

  • I. Guidi, Ed., La lettera di Filosseno ai monaci di Tell'Adda (Teleda): memoria. Rome: Tipografia dblla R. Accademia dei Lincei, 1886.

• Letter to the Monks of Senoun

  • A. de Halleux, Philoxène de Mabbog. Lettre aux moines de Senoun [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1963.
  • A. de Halleux, Philoxène de Mabbog. Lettre aux moines de Senoun [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1963.

• Second Letter to the Monasteries of Beth Gaugal

  • A. de Halleux, “Le deuxieme lettre de Philoxene aux monasteres du Beit Gaugal”, Le Muséon, vol. 96, pp. 5-79, 1983.

• Kephalaia 

  • E. A. W. Budge, The Discourses of Philoxenus, bishop of Mabbogh, A. D. 485 - 519 [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. London: Asher, 1894.
  • E. A. W. Budge, The Discourses of Philoxenus, bishop of Mabbogh, A. D. 485 - 519 [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. London: Asher, 1894.
    • Pp. xxxi-xlviii

• Commentary on the Prologue of John 

  • A. de Halleux, Philoxène de Mabbog. Commentaire du Prologue johannique (Ms. Br. Mus. Add. 14, 534) [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1977.
  • A. de Halleux, Philoxène de Mabbog. Commentaire du Prologue johannique (Ms. Br. Mus. Add. 14, 534) [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1977.

Jacob of Serugh

• Letters 

  • G. Olinder, Ed., Iacobi Sarugensis Epistulae quotquot supersunt. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1937.
  • French translation of Letter 6
    • M. Albert, “Jacques de Saroug. Lettre sur la Foi aux bienheureux d’Arzoun”, L’orient syrien, vol. 12, pp. 491–503, 1967. 

• Homily on Chalcedon 

  • Authenticity uncertain. P. Bedjan and Brock, S. P., Eds., Homiliae selectae Mar-Jacobi Sarugensis, vol. 6, 6 vol. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2006.
  • “Vat. sir. 117”. 2016.
  • English translation: S. P. Brock, “The Syrian Orthodox Reaction to the Council of Chalcedon: Jacob of Serugh’s Homily on the Council of Chalcedon”, Texts and Studies: A Review for Hellenism in Diaspora, vol. 8-10, pp. 448-459, 1991.

Various Authors

• P. Allen and van Roey, A., Monophysite Texts of the Sixth Century. Louvain: Peeters, 1994.

Some Secondary Literature

• R. C. Chesnut, Three Monophysite Christologies: Severus of Antioch, Philoxenus of Mabbug, and Jacob of Serugh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
• A. de Halleux, Philoxène de Mabbog: Sa vie, ses écrits, sa théologie. Louvain: Imprimerie orientaliste, 1963.
• A. de Halleux, “Philoxenus”, Theologische Realenzyklopädie, vol. 26, pp. 576–580, 1996.
• R. Draguet, Julien d’Halicarnasse et sa controverse avec Sévère d’Antioche sur l’incorruptibilité de corps du Christ. Louvain: P. Smeesters, 1924.
  • Review in R. P. Casey, “Julian of Halicarnassus”, The Harvard Theological Review, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 206-213, 1926.
  • Critique
    • M. Jugie, “Julien d'Halicarnasse et Sévère d'Antioche - La doctrine du péché originel chez les Pères grecs (I) [Review]”, Échos d'Orient, vol. 24, pp. 129–162, 1925.
    • M. Jugie, “Julien d'Halicarnasse et Sévère d'Antioche - La doctrine du péché originel chez les Pères grecs (II) [Review]”, Échos d'Orient, vol. 24, pp. 257-285, 1925. 
• A. Grillmeier, Dean, O. C., and Hainthaler, T., Christ in Christian tradition. Vol. 2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590-604). Part 4, The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, vol. 2.4. London: Mowbray, 1996.
  • See 2.2 (on Severus).
• J. Lebon, Le monophysisme Sévérien: étude historique, littéraire et théologique sur la résistance monophysite au Concile de Chalcédoine jusqu'à la constitution de l'Église jacobite. Louvain: J. Van Linthout, 1909.
• J. Lebon, “La christologie du monophysisme syrien”, in Das Konzil von Chalkedon, vol. 1, A. Grillmeier and Bacht, H., Eds. Würzburg: Echter-Verlag, 1951, pp. 425–580.
• Conversations of 532:
  • Chalcedonian account by Innocentius of Maronia in I. of Maronia, “Epistula ad Thomam”, in Concilium universale chalcedonense, vol. 2, 6 vol., E. Schwartz, Ed. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1938, pp. 169–184. 
  • Justinian’s prayer: E. Schwartz, Ed., Concilium universale chalcedonense. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1938.. P. 88.
  • Syrian Orthodox account with English translation in Orientalia Christiana Periodica: Commentarii de re orientali aetatis christianae sacra et profana. Rome: Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, 1981.
  • Summary in S. P. Brock, Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity. Aldershot: Ashgate Variorum, 1984.
    • Ch. XI
  • Full translation reprinted in S. P. Brock, Studies in Syriac christianity: history, literature and theology. Aldershot: Variorum, 2001., ch. XIII.

Church of the East

Main texts

Narsai

• F. G. McLeod, Narsai's Metrical Homilies on the Nativity, Epiphany, Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension, vol. 40. Turnhout: Brepols, 1979.. [Syriac text with English translation]
• J. P. P. Martin, “Homélie de Narsès sur les trois docteurs nestoriens (I)”, Journal asiatique, vol. 9.14, pp. 446-492, 1899.
• J. P. P. Martin, “Homélie de Narsès sur les trois docteurs nestoriens (II)”, Journal asiatique, vol. 9.15, pp. 469-525, 1900. 

Cyrus of Edessa

• W. F. Macomber, Six Explanations of the Liturgical Feasts [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1974.
• W. F. Macomber, Six Explanations of the Liturgical Feasts [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1974.

Babai the Great

• A. A. Vaschalde, Liber de Unione [Text], vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: L. Durbecq, 1915.
• A. A. Vaschalde, Liber de Unione [Translation], vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: L. Durbecq, 1915.
  • Latin translation begins here.

Isho‘yahb II

• L. R. M. Sako, Lettre christologique du patriarche syro-oriental Išō'yahb de Gdālā (628-646). Rome: Giovanni Carnestri, 1983.

Martyrios/Sahdona

• A. de Halleux, Oeuvres spirituelles, II. Livre de la Perfection, 2e Partie (ch. 1-7), vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientaliume, 1961.
• A. de Halleux, Oeuvres spirituelles, II. Livre de la Perfection, 2e Partie (ch. 1-7), vol. 2, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1961.

Isho‘yahb III

• R. Duval, Ishoyahb Patriarch III: Liber epistularum, vol. 1, 2 vol. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1904.
• R. Duval, Ishoyahb Patriarch III: Liber epistularum, vol. 2, 2 vol. Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz, 1905.

Synods

• Main edition (with French translation) in J. - B. Chabot, Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1902.:
  • AD 410 (Isaac): pp. 22–23(text)/262–263(trans.).
  • 486 (Acacius): pp. 54–55/302.
  • 544 (Aba): pp. 541–543/551–553.
  • 554 (Joseph): pp. 97–98/355.
  • 576 (Ezekiel): 113–114/371–373.
  • 585 (Isho‘yahb I): pp. 133–136/394–398 (compare 193–196/452–455).
  • 598 (Sabrisho‘ I): pp. 201–202/463.
  • 605 (Gregory I): pp. 209–210/473–474.
  • 612 (interregnum): pp. 564–567/582–584 (compare 568–580/586–598; objections against the Severan Theopaschites).
  • 680 (Letter of Catholicos Giwargis): pp. 227–244/490–512 (esp. 234–235/499–500).
• English translation of key passages in S. P. Brock, Studies in Syriac christianity: history, literature and theology. Aldershot: Variorum, 2001. 
  • Ch. XII.
• L. Abramowski and Goodman, A. E., Eds., A Nestorian Collection of Christological Texts, 2 vol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.

Some Secondary Literature

• L. Abramowski, Untersuchungen zum Liber Heraclidis des Nestorius. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1963.
• L. Abramowski, “Babai der Grosse: Christologische Probleme und ihre Losungen”, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, vol. 41, pp. 290–343, 1975.
• L. Abramowski, “Die Christologie Babais des Grossen”, in Symposium Syriacum, vol. 1, Rome: Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, 1974, pp. 219–245.
• S. P. Brock, “The Christology of the Church of the East in the Synods of the Fifth to Early Seventh Centuries: Preliminary Considerations and Materials”, in Aksum Thyateira: a Festschrift for Archbishop Methodios of Thyateria and Great Britain, G. D. Dragas and Nissiotis, N. Angelos, Eds. London: Thyateria House, 1985, pp. 125–142.; reprinted in S. P. Brock, Studies in Syriac christianity: history, literature and theology. Aldershot: Variorum, 2001., ch. XII.
• S. P. Brock, “Christ ‘the Hostage’: A Theme in the East Syrian Liturgical Tradition and Its Origins”, in Logos: Festschrift fur Luise Abramowski , H. Brennecke, Grasmück, E. L., and Markschies, C., Eds. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1993, pp. 472–485.
• S. P. Brock, “The Christology of the Church of the East”, in Traditions and Heritage of the Christian East, A. V. Muraviev and Afinogenov, D., Eds. Moscow: Izd-vo "Indrik", 1996. [Russian translation in Vestnik Drevnei Istorii (1995), 2:39–53.]
• S. P. Brock, “The ‘Nestorian’ Church: A Lamentable Misnomer”, in The ‘Nestorian’ Church: A Lamentable Misnomer, K. Parry and Coakley, J. F., Eds. Manchester: John Rylands University Library, 1996, pp. 23-35.
• S. P. Brock, “La doctrine”, in Les Assyro-Chaldéens : chrétiens d'Irak, d'Iran et de Turquie, H. G. B. Teule, Ed. Turnhout: Brepols, 2008.
• G. Chediath, The Christology of Mar Babai the Great. Kottayam: Oriental Institute of Religious Studies, 1982.
• A. de Halleux, “La christologie de Martyrios/Sahdona dans l’évolution du nestorianisme”, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, vol. 23, pp. 5–32, 1957.
• A. de Halleux, “Nestorius: Histoire et doctrine”, Irénikon, vol. 56, pp. 38–51, 163–77, 1993.. [English translation (without notes) in Pro Oriente: Syriac Dialogue 1 (Vienna, 1994).]
• W. de Vries, “Die syrisch-nestorianische Haltung zu Chalkedon”, in Das Konzil von Chalkedon: Geschichte und Gegenwart, vol. 1, A. Grillmeier and Bacht, H., Eds. Würzburg: Echter-Verlag, 1951, pp. 603–635.
• S. Gero, Barsauma of Nisibis and Persian Christianity in the Fifth Century. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1981.
• A. Guillaumont, “Justinien et l’église de Perse”, Dumbarton Oaks papers., vol. 23-24, pp. 41-66, 1970..
  • Edition and French translation of a discussion between Chalcedonians and Paul, bishop of Nisibis, perhaps soon after treaty of 561.
• V. Grumel, “Un théologien nestorien: Babaï le Grand (VIe et VIIe s.) (I)”, Echos d’orient, vol. 22, pp. 153–181, 257–280, 1923.
  • Pp. 153-181
  • Pp. 257-280
• V. Grumel, “Un théologien nestorien: Babaï le Grand (VIe et VIIe s.) (II)”, Echos d’orient , vol. 23, pp. 9–33, 162–177; 257–274, 395–399, 1924.
  • Pp. 9–33
  • Pp. 162–177 
  • Pp. 257–274 
  • Pp. 395–399
• W. F. Macomber, “The Christology of the Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (AD 486)”, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, vol. 24, pp. 142-154, 1958.
• W. F. Macomber, “The Theological Synthesis of Cyrus of Edessa”, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, vol. 30, pp. 5–38, 1964.
• D. Miller, “A Brief Historical and Theological Introduction to the Church of Persia to the End of the Seventh Century”, in The Ascetical Homilies of St Isaac the Syrian, Boston: Holy Transfiguration Monastery, 1984, pp. 481–541.
• Syriac Dialogue : first non-official consultation on dialoque within the Syriac tradition. Vienna: Pro Oriente, 1994.. includes important papers by Mar Bawai Soro and others.
• L. I. Scipioni, “Il libro di Eraclide di Nestorio e il Liber de Unione di Babai il Grande”, in Ricerche sulla Cristologia del "Libro di Eraclide" di Nestorio: la formulazione teologica e il suo contesto filosofico, Freiburg: University Edition, 1956, pp. 110–158.
• D. Winkler, “Forschungen zur ostsyrischen Theologie des 7. Jahrhunderts”, in Zu Geschichte, Theologie, Liturgie, und Gegenwartslage der syrischen Kirchen: ausgewählte Vorträge des Deutschen Syrologen-Symposiums vom 2.-4. Oktober 1998 in Hermannsburg, M. Tamcke and Heinz, A., Eds. Münster: LIT, 2000, pp. 195–206.
• See also:
  • J. Labourt, Le christianisme dans l'empire perse sous la dynaste Sassanide (224-632). Paris: Lecoffre, 1904.
    • Ch. 9
  • Contributions to J. F. Coakley and Parry, K., Eds., “The Church of the East: Life and Thought”, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, vol. 78, no. 3, 1996.
  • W. A. Wigram, An Introduction to the history of the Assyrian Church or the Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire 100-640 A.D. London: Christian Knowledge Society, 1910.
  • W. A. Wigram, The Separation of the Monophysites. London: Faith Press, 1923.
    • Ch. 13–14
  • Contributions to Pro Oriente [above: General, Non-Chalcedonian].

The Aftermath Of Chalcedon: Christology In The Sixth Century

Doctrinal Positions

Non-Chalcedonian: Alexandrine Reject Chalcedon (451) Accept Ephesus I & II	Chalcedonian: Reject Ephesus II (449)	Non-Chalcedonian: Antiochene Reject Ephesus I (431) Ambivalent on Chalcedon
ORIENTAL ORTHODOX	GREEK EAST	CHURCH OF THE EAST
(Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian, Syrian)	LATIN WEST
	EASTERN RITE CATHOLIC
	Chaldean
	Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian, Syrian Catholic

Some Secondary Literature

• S. P. Brock, “The Christology of the Church of the East in the Synods of the Fifth to Early Seventh Centuries: Preliminary Considerations and Materials”, in Aksum Thyateira: a Festschrift for Archbishop Methodios of Thyateria and Great Britain, G. D. Dragas and Nissiotis, N. Angelos, Eds. London: Thyateria House, 1985, pp. 125–142.. 
  • S. P. Brock, Studies in Syriac christianity: history, literature and theology. Aldershot: Variorum, 2001.
    • Ch. XII
• S. P. Brock, “The Conversations with the Syrian Orthodox (532)”, Orientalia Christiana Periodica, vol. 47, 1981.
  • Reprinted in S. P. Brock, Studies in Syriac christianity: history, literature and theology. Aldershot: Variorum, 2001. 
    • Ch. XIII
• S. P. Brock, “The ‘Nestorian’ Church: A Lamentable Misnomer”, in The ‘Nestorian’ Church: A Lamentable Misnomer, K. Parry and Coakley, J. F., Eds. Manchester: John Rylands University Library, 1996, pp. 23-35.
• G. Chediath, The Christology of Mar Babai the Great. Kottayam: Oriental Institute of Religious Studies, 1982.
• R. C. Chesnut, Three Monophysite Christologies: Severus of Antioch, Philoxenus of Mabbug, and Jacob of Serugh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.
  • Severus, Philoxenus, Jacob of Serugh
• W. H. C. Frend, The rise of the monophysite movement: chapters in the history of the church in the fifth and sixth centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.
• A. Grillmeier, Allen, P., and Cawte, J., Christ in christian tradition. 2: From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590-604). Part 1, Reception and contradiction, the development of the discussion about Chalcedon from 451 to the beginning of the reign of Justinian, vol. 2.1. London: Mowbray, 1987.
• A. Grillmeier, Hainthaler, T., Cawte, J., and Allen, P., Christ in Christian Tradition. Vol. 2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590-604). Part 2, Church of Constantinople in the Sixth Century, vol. 2.2. London: Mowbray, 1994.
• A. Grillmeier, Dean, O. C., and Hainthaler, T., Christ in Christian tradition. Vol. 2, From the Council of Chalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great (590-604). Part 4, The Church of Alexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451, vol. 2.4. London: Mowbray, 1996.
• A. Guillaumont, “Justinien et l’église de Perse”, Dumbarton Oaks papers., vol. 23-24, pp. 41-66, 1970.
• E. Honigmann, Évêques et évêchés monophysites au VIe siècle. Louvain: Secretariat du Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, 1951.
• J. Lebon, “La christologie du monophysisme syrien”, in Das Konzil von Chalkedon, vol. 1, A. Grillmeier and Bacht, H., Eds. Würzburg: Echter-Verlag, 1951, pp. 425–580.
• A. D. Lee, “Evagrius, Paul of Nisibis, and the Problem of Loyalties in the Mid-Sixth Century”, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, vol. 44, pp. 569–585, 1993.
• J. Meyendorff, Christ in Eastern Christian Thought. Crestwood: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1987.
• J. F. Coakley and Parry, K., Eds., “The Church of the East: Life and Thought”, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, vol. 78, no. 3, 1996.
• J. Pelikan, The Christian Tradition Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971.
  • Ch. 5 
• J. Pelikan, The Christian tradition, Vol. 2: a history of the development of doctrine: the spirit of Eastern Christendom, 600-1700. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974. 
  • Ch. 2
• W. A. Wigram, An Introduction to the history of the Assyrian Church or the Church of the Sassanid Persian Empire 100-640 A.D. London: Christian Knowledge Society, 1910.
• W. A. Wigram, The Separation of the Monophysites. London: Faith Press, 1923.
• W. G. Young, “Patriarch, shah and caliph: a study of the relationships of the Church of the East with the Sassanid Empire and the early Caliphates up to 820 A.D. with special reference to available translated Syriac sources”, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, 1974.