Gregory II Abu 'l-Faraj bar Ahron (1226–86), also known as Bar Hebraeus [Bar 'Ebroyo] was the Jacobite Maphrian from 1264 until his death in 1286. He was consecrated in 1246 as Bishop over the district of Gubos by Patriarch Ignatius III David (1222–52) and at this consecration took the name Gregory. He became friends with the Eastern Catholicos, Yahballaha III and recognized the value of Christian unity amongst the "Nestorian", Greek, Latin, and Armenian Christians.1. As a young man in Antioch and Tripoli, Bar 'Ebroyo was educated in a broad range of fields and industrious in his publications. He published works in the following genres: encyclopedia, philosophy, medicine, mathematics, science, theology, canon law, Biblical exegesis, grammar, chronicles, other miscellaneous works. For more on the works of Bar 'Ebroyo, see the list which Roger Pierce has produced here. For more on his life, see the transcription of W. Budge, "The Life of Barhebraeus" which comes from his introduction.2
The Chronicle of Bar 'Ebroyo (Chronicon Syriacum) is organized as a secular history of the world which does little more than summarize the immense work of Michael the Syrian. The Chronicon Syriacum supplements material missing from Michael the Syrian's Chronicle, but Bar Hebraeus' Chronicle displays its worth as an independent source for the events following the life of Mar Michael the Syrian.
Bar Hebraeus' church history is in two parts and is called the Ecclesiastical Chronicle (Chronicon Ecclesiasticum). His first major section covers the territories of the Byzantine Empire and traces church history through the Patriarchs of Antioch (specifically the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs after Severus of Antioch). The second section moves eastward and recounts the history of the Eastern Maphrians beyond Byzantine control who were in Iraq and Persia. His information on the Eastern Maphrians represents a summary of the records of the cell of the Maphrian as well as local tradition, though his information on the Eastern Catholicoi is likely based upon the 12th century Arabic history of Mari ibn Sulaiman.3
Both the Chronicon Syriacum and the Ecclesiastical Chronicle were brought to a close in the 15th century. For more on the continuators of Bar Hebraeus, see “Chronicles and Historiography”. 2014.. The contents below under the heading of the Chronicum Syriacum provide hyperlinks to each major section and minor section of the Syriac text edited by Bedjan. If one page has multiple entries (e.g. "Seth, Enosh, Cain, Mahalala'el, Jared") then the entries will share one hyperlink on the same bullet-point to avoid confusion. The standard edition used by scholars is typically that of Bedjan; Budge published an English translation of Bedjan's edition and (somewhat confusingly), also published a photolithographic reproduction of a manuscript of the Chronicon Syriacum which was not the same as that of Bedjan. Budge's English translation is a rather rare volume in its original printed edition. And, although Budge's translation has been transcribed, not all of it has been made available and therefore if (ET) is mentioned in the series header, then the English translation is available for that entire section. If the entire English translation is unavailable, the header will indicate this (e.g. ET for pages 95–105). The individual minor sections will indicate whether or not the English translation is available.
,The Ecclesiastical Chronicle has been analyzed below according to its two major sections. Each major and minor heading contains a hyperlink to the 3 volumes of J.-B. Abbeloos and T.J. Lamy (Paris, 1872–1877). The names of people are numbered only when they are numbered in the text of Abbeloos and Lamy. Once the churches break into separate heirarchies the ecclesiastical affiliation is included in brackets. Each minor break under the name of the ecclesiastical ruler represents the summary of the content of each paragraph in that section (indicated by indentation in the text of Abbeloos and Lamy). No English translation of the Ecclesiastical Chronicle exists in the public domain, but the new edition translation by David Wilmshurst promises to become the standard text for the field.4 Wilmshurst's translation is based upon the Syriac text of Abbeloos and Lamy because as of yet, no critical edition of the Ecclesiastical Chronicle has been produced.
Contents:
Works Cited
CHRONICON SYRIACUM [Back to Top]
Editions and translations
- Gregorii Barhebræi Chronicon Syriacum e codd. mss. emendatum ac punctis vocalibus adnotationibusque locupletatum. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1890. ,
- The Chronography of Gregory Abû'l Faraj, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician, Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus: Being the First Part of his Political History of the Word: Translated from the Syriac, 2 vol. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1932.
- Budge’s English translation is not yet available in the public domain, but it has been partially transcribed.
, - See Brock's discussion below:
- “Syriac Historical Writing: A Survey of the Main Sources”, Journal of the Iraqi Academy, Syriac Corporation, vol. 5, pp. 297-326, 1979. Pp. 19-20. ,
- “Syriac Sources for Seventh-Century History”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, vol. 2, pp. 17-36, 1976. Pp. 22-23. ,
EARLIER EDITIONS:
- Specimen historiae Arabum, sive, Gregorii Abul Farajii Malatiensis : de origine & moribus Arabum succincta narratio, in linguam Latinam conversa, notisque è probatisimis apud ipsos authoribus, fufiùs illustrata. Oxford: H. Hall, 1650. ,
- Specimen Historiae arabum; auctore Edvardo Pocockio, accessit Historia Veterum Arabum ex Abu'l Feda: Cura Antonii I. Sylvestre de Sacy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1806. ,
- Gregorii Abulpharagii sive Bar-Hebraei Chronicon Syriacum [Versio], vol. 1, 2 vol. Leipzig: A.F. Boehmium, 1789. ,
Contents
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The First Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): The Patriarchs
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The Second Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Patriarchs transitioning to the Judges
- Joshua, then the priests [Phinehas, Elieezar], [Then judges]: Kushan, 'Othniel, 'Eglon, Ahor [Ehud], Shamgar, Nabin [Jabin] the king of Hazor, Deborah and Barak
- The Midianites, Gideon, Abimelek, Tola' son of Poa, Yair the Gileadite, the Ammonites, Naphtah [Jephthah], Abisan, Alon the Zebulunite, 'Akhron, the Philistines, Samson
- After Samson were priests, then 'Eli the priest, Samuel the prophet
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The Third Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Judges transitioning to the Kings of the Hebrews
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The Fourth Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Kings of the Hebrews transitioning to the kings of the Chaldeans
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The Fifth Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Kings of the Chaldeans to the Kings transitioning to the Kings of the Medes
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The Sixth Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Kings of the Medes transitioning to the Kings of the Persians
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The Seventh Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Kings of the Persians transitioning to the Kings of the Pagan Greeks
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The Eighth Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Kings of the Pagan Greeks transitioning to the Emperors of the Romans
- Caesar Augustus
- Emperor Tiberius
- Emperor Gaius
- Emperor Claudius, Emperor Nero
- Emperor Vespasian
- Emperor Titus, Emperor Domitian, Emperor Nerva, Emperor Trajan
- Emperor Hadrian
- Emperor Titus Antoninus
- Emperor Marcus Aurelius
- Emperor Pertinax, Emperor Severianus, Emperor Antoninus, Emperor Macaris [Macrinus], Emperor Antoninus, Emperor Alexander
- Emperor Maximinus, Emperor Gordian, Emperor Philip, Emperor Decius, Emperors [Trebonianus] Gallus and Volusianus
- Emperors Valerian and Gallienus, Emperor Claudius II, Emperor Aurelian, Emperor Tacitus, Emperor Florianus
- Emperor Probus, Emperor Carus, Emperor Diocletian
- Constantius Chlorus the Great, Constantine the Conqueror
- The three sons of the sons of Constantine, Julian Parabitis
- Jovian the Faithful, Valentinus [Valentinian] and Valens
- Gratian the son of Valentinian, Theodosius the Great
- Arcadius and Honorius
- Theodosius the Lesser
- Emperor Marcian
- Leo
- Leontius, Zeno
- Anastasius
- Justin I
- Justinian I
- On the pestilence which came on the entire land at that time
- Justin II
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The Ninth Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET): From the Kings of the Romans transitioning to the Kings of the Greeks
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The Tenth Series of Generations (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET for pages 95–105): From the Greek Kings, transitioning to the Arab Kings.
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[Prior to the Saljuks]
- A section
- A history of the confession of the Ṭayyaye which was revealed at this time
- After Muhammad, Abu Bakr
- 'Omar [Umar Ibn al-Khatab]
- 'Othman [Uthman Ibn Affan]
- 'Ali Ibn Abu Talb, Mo'aviah [Mu'āwiyah I] (ET unavailable)
- Yazid, Mo'aviah [Mu'āwiyah] II, Marwan (ET unavailable)
- Abdullah al-Zubayr [Ibn Zubayr], 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (ET unavailable)
- Al-Walid ibn 'Abd al-Malik [Al-Walid I] (ET unavailable)
- Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (ET unavailable)
- Umar II [Umar ibn 'Abd al-Aziz] (ET unavailable)
- Yazid II ibn 'Abd al-Malik, Hisham (ET unavailable)
- Walid II [Walid ibn Yazid], Yazid III [Yazid ibn al-Walid ibn 'Abd al-Malik], Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (ET unavailable)
- Marwan II [Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan], Abu al-'Abbas Abdullah ibn Muhammad as-Saffāḥ (ET unavailable)
- Abu Ja'far [al-Mansur] (ET unavailable)
- [Muhammad ibn 'Abdallah] al-Maḥdi (ET unavailable)
- [Abu Muhammad] Musa ibn Maḥdi al-Hadi, Harun al-Rashid (ET unavailable)
- Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (ET unavailable)
- Al-Ma'mun (ET unavailable)
- Abu Isḥac al-Mu'tasim (ET unavailable)
- Al-Wathiq bi'llah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Mutawakkil 'ala Allah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Muntasir bi'llah, Al-Musta'in ibn al-Muntasir (ET unavailable)
- Al-Mu'tazz ibn al-Mutawakkil (ET unavailable)
- Al-Muhtadi ibn al-Wathiq (ET unavailable)
- Al-Mu'tamid ibn al-Mutawakkil (ET unavailable)
- The History of those who are called Nusayraye who are in Phoenicia, because many wanted to know who these Nusayraye were (ET unavailable)
- Al-Mu'tadid bi'llah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Muktafi [Al-Muqtafi] bi'llah, Al-Muqtadir bi'llah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Qahir bi'llah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Radi bi'llah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Muttaqi (ET unavailable)
- Al-Mustakfi bi'llah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Mutī' li'llah (ET unavailable)
- Al-Ta'i (ET unavailable)
- Al-Qadir (ET unavailable)
- Al-Qa'im bi-amri 'llah (ET unavailable)
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About the Beginning of the Kingdom of the Seljuks in Persia (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET for pages 217–225)
- After al-Qa'im, al-Muqtadi (Begins at page 253; ET unavailable)
- Al-Mustazhir (ET unavailable)
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The Beginning of the Crusades (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET for pages 263–270)
- After Mustazhir, Mustaršid bi'llah (Begins at page 281; ET unavailable)
- Al-Rašid (ET unavailable)
- Al-Muqtafi (ET unavailable)
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About the Taking of Edessa by the Franks (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET for pages 305–316)
- After Al-Mustanjid, Mustadi (Begins at page 343; ET unavailable)
- Al-Nasir (ET unavailable)
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About the Beginning of the Kingdom of the Mughlaye [Mongols], who are the Tatars (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- On the death of Genghis Khan (ET)
- On the enthronement of Khan [Ögedei] upon the throne of the kingdom of the Mongols after Genghis Khan, his father (ET)
- On the beginning of the kingdom of Badr al-Din Lu'lu', the lord of Mosul (ET)
- After Mustansir, Musta'sim bi'llah, his son (ET)
- On the enthronement of Ghoyuk [Güyük] Khan in the place of Ögedei Khan, his father (ET)
- On the enthronement of Munga [Möngke] Khan upon the throne of the kingdom of the Mongols (ET)
- On the taking of Babylon (ET)
-
-
And here begins chapter 11, from the Arab kings passing on to the Hun kings. Hulabu [Helegu Khan], king of kings and brother of Munga [Möngke] Khan the Great (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- On the enthronement of Qubilai [Kublai] Khan upon the throne of the kingdom of the Mongols (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- After Hulaku [Helegu] Khan, Abaka [Abaqa] Khan was king of kings (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- Concerning the taking of Antioch (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- After Abaka [Abaqa] Khan, his brother, Tekuder [Ahmed Tekuder] (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- After Ahmed Tekuder, Arghon [Arghun] Khan, the son of Abaka [Abaqa] Khan (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- On the murder of Shams al-Din, the master of Daywan (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
- After Arghon [Arghun] Khan, the son of Abaka [Abaqa], Kanjatu [Gaykhatu] Khan, his brother, who was called Ernajin Turjai [Rinchindorj] (Syriac-Bedjan) (ET)
ECCLESIASTICAL CHRONICLE–Section 1 [Back to Top]
Instrumenta
- Gregorii Barhebraei Chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 1, 3 vol. Louvain: Peeters, 1872. ,
- Gregorii Barhebraei Chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 2, 3 vol. Paris/Louvain: Maisonneuve/Peeters, 1874. ,
- Gregorii Barhebræi Chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 3, 3 vol. Paris/Louvain: Maisonneuve/Peeters, 1877. ,
- See Brock's discussion below:
- “Syriac Historical Writing: A Survey of the Main Sources”, Journal of the Iraqi Academy, Syriac Corporation, vol. 5, pp. 297-326, 1979. Pp. 19-20. ,
- “Syriac Sources for Seventh-Century History”, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, vol. 2, pp. 17-36, 1976. Pp. 22-23. ,
Contents
**After Severus of Antioch, the Patriarch will be Syriac Orthodox unless otherwise noted.
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Proemium
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First section of the Ecclesiastical [History], on the beginning of the western priesthood
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The priesthood up to Peter
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1) Aaron, the first priest
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2–5) Eleazer, Phineas, Abishua, Abicor
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6–15) Ozri, Zarahaya, Maru, Amariah, Ahitob, Zadok, Ahimaz, Azariah, Amariah, Ahimelek
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16–26) Joiada', Azariah, Shalom, Amaziah, Hilkiah, Azariah, Siraiah, Zadok, Jozadak, Joshua, Jozadak
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27–37) Jozadak, Elishu, Joiada', Manasseh, John, Helkiah, Pashhur, Azaraiah, Siraiah, Zadok, Jozadak, Joshua
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38–42) Joakim, Elisha, Joiada', John, Joiada' [Judas]
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43–48) Manasseh, Andriomachus, Honaiah, Simeon, Eleazar, Manasseh
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49–51) Honiah, Simeon (This is the father of Jesus who was called the son of Asirah, [Sirach], that one who made the famous book of wisdom), Honiah
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52–56) Menelaus, Jason, Eleazer, Matitha, Judas Maccabaeus
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57–60) Jonathan, Simeon, John, Aristobulus
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61–63) Hannanael, Hyrcanus, Aristoblulus
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64–67) Zechariah, Simeon, Caiaphas, Hannan
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Peter, the high priest of the New Testament
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Priesthood after Peter in Antioch
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At Constantinople after Andrew: Stychus, Onesimus, Polydorus and Sedecion
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2) After Peter was Euodius (c.53–c. 69)
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3) Ignatius Nurana (the fiery one – an angelic epithet) (c. 70–107)
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4) Eiron (107–27)
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5) Cornelius (127–54)
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6) Eudus [Eros] (154–69)
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7) Theophilus (169–82)
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8) Maximus (182–91)
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9) Serapion (191–211)
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10) Asclepiades (211–20)
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11) Philip (220–31)
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12) Zebinus [Zebilus] (231–37)
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13) Babylas [Babila] (237–c. 250)
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14) Fabius (253–56)
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15) Demetrius (c. 256)
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16) Paul of Samosata (260–68)
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17) Domnus (268–74)
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18) Timothy (274–82)
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19) Cyril (283–303)
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20) Tyranius (304–14)
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21) Vitalius (314–20)
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22) Philogonius (320–23)
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23) Eustathus (324–30)
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24) Eulalius (331–32)
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25) Euphronius the Arian (332–33)
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26) Philacillus the Arian (333–42)
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27) Stephanus the Arian (342–44)
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28) Leontius of Antioch [Castratus] (344–58)
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29) Eudoxius (358–59)
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30) Meletius (360–61)
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31) Euzoius the Arian (361–76)
- At same time Paulinus (362–88) goverened the Orthodox .
- Apollonaris the heretic
- Eunomius the heretic
- Aod, archdeacon of Edessa, a Bardaisanite
- Emperor Julian inherits the empire.
- Maris of Chalcedon and the philosophical tranquility of Julian
- The reign of Jovian
- After Jovian, the brothers, Valentinus and Valens, ascend to power.
- Death of St. Ephrem and St. Athanasius
- Death of St. Gregory of Nazianzus, bishop of Constantinople
- Gratian reigns, then Theodosius who convened the council of Constantinople.
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32) Flavian (381–404)
- Emperor Theodosius abolished two evils in Rome.
- Emperor Theodosius decreed that a woman should not become a Deaconness before the age of 20.
- A Deacon fell with a noble lady.
- Socrates Scholasticus talks about the different ecclesiastical customs across the empire.
- In 469, Emperor Arcadius reigned and the monastery of Qartmin was built.
- In that time Marutha of Maipherqat was sent as an ambassador to Yazdgird, king of Persia.
- The death of Nectarius of Constantinople.
- John Chrysostom's appointment as bishop of Constantinople and subsequent flight from office.
- Bishop Theophilus of Alexandria attempts to ordain Isodore as the bishop of Constantinople.
- John Chrysostom preaches against the women of Constantinople and the Empress takes offense.
- John Chrysostom was exiled and Arsacius, brother of Nectarius, was appointed in his place.
- Epiphanius died.
- John Chrysostom died.
- The death of Theodore of Mopsuestia and the flourishing of the priest 'Absimia, nephew of Mar Ephrem
- The Emperor moves the collected Roman relics into a church overseen by Mar Abhai.
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33) After Evagrius was Porphyrius of Antioch (404–412)
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34) Alexander of Antioch (412–17)
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35) Theodotus of Antioch (417–428)
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36) John of Antioch (428–444)
- Anastasius, the priest under Nestorius, proclaimed that no one should call Mary the mother of God.
- An excerpt from Socrates Scholasticus
- John of Antioch's refusal to remove Nestorius from office
- Nestorius was sent into exile.
- John and the eastern bishops reluctantly reunite with the Cyrillan party.
- After Nestorius, Maximianus was consecrated in Constantinople.
- In Edessa, after Rabbula, Ibas the Nestorian arose.
- The holy Proclus of Cyzicus sat on the seat of Constantinople.
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37) Domnus (444–49)
- Eutyches invented a strange dogma.
- Emperor Theodosius wrote to Dioscorus of Alexandria, Juvenal of Jerusalem, and Domnus of Antioch to assemble at Ephesus.
- When the bishops read the letter of Eutyches, he was received. However, he returned to his old teaching and was rejected.
- At this time a well-known writer in Urhoy, Isaac, the Abbot, became a heretic.
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38) Maximus (449–455)
- When the queen, the wife of Theodosius, and Theodosius' sister, Pulcheria, went to Rome to pray, telling Pope Leo that the 2nd council of Ephesus was unjust.
- After Theodosius, Marcian reigned and Pope Leo called for the council of Chalcedon.
- Barsawma was anathematized at the council.
- The questioning of Dioscorus
- Emperor Marcian hears the agreed upon Christological definition of Chalcedon.
- The destruction wrought by the council of Chalcedon.
- The Chalcedonians threatened Barsawma.
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39) Martyrius of Antioch (461–69)
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40) After Peter the Fuller was Palladius (488–98)
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41) Flavianus [Flavian II] (498–512)
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42) Severus of Antioch [Severus I] (512–38)
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43) Paul the Jew [Paul II] (519–21) [Chalcedonian]
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44) Euphrasius [Barmalaḥa] (521–26) [Chalcedonian]
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45) Ephrem of Amida (526–46) [Chalcedonian]
- When a certain Jewish ruler of Himyarites tried to force Ṭayyaye Christians to reject the Messiah
- Justinian I and Theodora
- Mar Zo'ara the Stylite stays in Constantinople to argue with the Emperor.
- Sergius of Resh'aina went to Antioch to accuse the bishop of Resh'aina.
- The death of Agapetus
- Julian of Halicarnassus
- The death of the Patriarch Severus of Antioch
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46) The excellent Sergius [Sergius of Tella] (557–560)
- Ṭayyaye Christians rejected the Chalcedonians.
- The many heresies which broke out during the reign of Justinian I
- Stephen Bar Sudaili and his heresy
- The teaching of John of Apamea
- John Ascotzanges and the Tritheite heresy
- John Grammaticus [Philiponus of Alexandria] became a Tritheite
- The Tritheite heresy was put to an end.
- The Orthodox priest, Julian of Constantinople, was zealous to convert the Nubians.
- The death of Sergius
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47) Paul of Beth Ukkhama (564–81)
- The Alexandrian schism with Jacob [Burd'oyo] and Paul of Beth Ukkhama
- The division among Jacobites over Paul of Beth Ukkhama
- The division between the eastern and western monasteries
- The vacancy in Antioch and the death of Jacob [Burd'oyo]
- Pope Damian of Alexandria attempted to consecrate a new Patriarch of Antioch and was shamefully found out.
- Mundhar, the son of Hirath, rebukes Pope Damian and the Egyptian clerics.
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48) Peter of Kallinikos [Peter III] (581–591)
- Peter leaves his seat to convince the church that Paul of Beth Ukkhama is the rightful Patriarch.
- The refusal of John and Probus by the Orthodox and the subsequent consecration of Probus as Chalcedonian bishop of Constantinople
- An argument arose between Pope Damian and Mar Peter; later Mar Damian departed this life with the schism unresolved.
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49) Julian the syncellus of Peter Kallinikos [Julian II] (591–94)
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50) Athanasius [Athanasius I bar Gamala] (595–631)
- The death of Maurice, Emperor of the Greeks and the Persian subjugation of Mesopotamia and Syria
- Thomas of Harqel [Harkel]
- Athanasius made peace with the Patriarch of Alexandria, Anastasius.
- The death of Khosrau II and the reign of Heraclius (Constantine III) over the recaptured Edessa
- Heraclius attempts to enforce the council of Chalcedon at Mabbug.
- The departure of Mar Athanasius from this life
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51) John, the disciple of Athanasius [Yohannan II, John of the Sedre] (631–48)
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52) Theodore (649–67)
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53) Severus Bar Mashqe [Severus II bar Mashqe] (668–80)
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54) Athanasius II of Balad (684–87)
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55) Julian, known as Romanus [Julian III] (687–708) [The edited text has mismarked this as 35]
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56) Elias I (709–23)
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57) Athanasius III (724-740)
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58) John I [Iwanis I] (740–54)
- Mar Dionysius, Patriarch of Tel-Mahre writes to justify the election of John I.
- Marwan the king went to Harran and was received by the Patriarch with gifts.
- The King of the Arabs detained the Patriarch in Harran for money.
- The synod of Tarmana to restore the unity between John I and Athanasius Sandalaya; the death of John I
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59) Isaac, the illegitimate (755–56)
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60) Sandalaya, the illegitimate [Athanasius Sandalaya] (756–58) [Counter-Patriarch]
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61) George I [Giwargis I] (758–90) [Counter-Patriarch]
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62) Joseph (790–92)
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63) Quriaqos of Tagrit (793–817) [See Entry in Section 2]
- Quriaqos calls a synod in Beth-Batin in the jurisdiction of Harran concerning the words in the anaphora "We break the heavnely bread, in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit".
- Mar Quriaqos ordained Mar Hnanya over Marde and Kfartutha.
- Gabriel, bishop of the Julianists met with Mar Quriaqos to propose peace between the churches, but this was not acceptable to many.
- Bacchus, the bishop of Cyrrhus, died and the people of Aleppo became Muslims because of their hatred for the Patriarch.
- The accusation of the Patriarch to Caliph Harun al-Rashid
- Opposition to the Patriarch from the Gubbaye; they appointed a counter Patriarch: Abraham of Qartmin
- Those of Tagrit made accusations against the Patriarch.
- Simeon died and Basilius was consecrated in his place; the Patriarch dies.
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64) Dionysius I of Tel Mahre (818–45)
- Theodosius of Kallinikos lays hands upon Dionysius.
- Abraham anathematizes all who sided with the Patriarch who did not prohibit the clerics in Cyrrhus from saying the phrase "heavenly bread".
- The Patriarch goes to Baghdad for his diploma; Abraham is deposed by the Emir's deputy.
- Abraham's brother challenged the decision.
- 825 CE when Abdullah went to Egypt and his brother, Muhammad, also destroyed every new church building in the region of Urhoy.
- Theodosius the Metropolitan of Edessa goes with the Patriarch to complain down in Egypt.
- The Patriarch returns to Syria and is deposed by a synod of 40 bishops in Resh'ayna.
- There was a division among the Tiberian Jews over a group who decided the Sabbath should be celebrated on Wednesdays.
- The Patriarch went down to Baghdad to discuss the deposition of bishop La'zar with the Caliph.
- The Caliph heard the case of La'zar with the lawyers present.
- The Patriarch ordained a bishop in place of La'zar.
- The persecution of Byamite Christians.
- The Patriarch's observations on pope Joseph and the bishops of Egypt
- Patriarch Dionysius's description of the destruction of the religion of Heliopolis
- Patriarch Dionysius's description of the pyramids as tombs of kings and not as granaries for Joseph
- The house built along the Nile River
- The Patriarch's return to Tagrit to settle the dispute between the monks of Mar Mattai and the Tagritians
- The schismatic Abraham died.
- A time when persecutions increased on Christians by the Arabs.
- The death of Patriarch Dionysius.
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65) John III (846–73)
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66) Mar Ignatius II (878–83)
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67) Theodosius Romanus (887–96)
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68) Dionysius II (897–909)
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69) John [John IV] (910–22)
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70) Basil I (923–35)
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71) John [Yohannan] V (936–53)
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72) Iwannis II (954–57)
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73) Dionysius III (957–61)
- The Patriarch and Mar Elijah the metropolitan of Melitene built the monastery of Sergisyeh.
- The death of Mar Gaysa and the succession of his disciple, the Abbot Elijah; John Maron would enter this monastery.
- The Abbot Elijah raised up the Sexton, John Maron.
- There arose Marutha bar Elisho', the merchant of Tagrit who built canals.
- A Monk of Tagrit named Elijah bar Gaghi went to Melitene and founded a monastery and John Maron was brought there.
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74) Abraham I (962–63)
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75) John [Yohannan] VI Sarigta (965–85)
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76) Athanasius of Salah [Athanasius IV La'zar] (986–1003)
-
77) Mar John [Yohannan] VII bar 'Abdon [John VII bar 'Abdon] (1004-30)
- The death of Mar Athanasius and subsequent ordination of Mar John
- Mar John had consecrated 47 bishops, was slandered by the metropolitan of Melitene, and was brought to Constantinople.
- John the Patriarch from Melitene entered Constantinople with much adversity from the Chalcedonians.
- The Patriarch was banished to the monastery of Ganus and died there.
- The faith and denial of different Jacobite bishops after the death of the Patriarch.
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78) Dionysius IV Haye (1031–42)
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79) John VIII [Yohannon bar 'Abdon] (1049–57)
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80) Athanasius V [Athanasius V Ḥaya] (1058–64)
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81) John [Yohannan] VIII bar Shushan (1064–73)
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82) Basil II (1074–75)
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83) John [Symnadae] [Yohannan IX 'Abdon] (1075–77)
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84) Dionysius V La'zar (1077–78)
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85) Iwanis III (1086–1087)
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-
All of Volume 2 is available here.
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86) Dionysius VI Mark (1088–90)
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87) Athanasius Abu 'l-Faraj bar Khamara [Athanasius VI bar Khamara] (1090–1129)
- The Patriarch's hesitancy toward election because of the contention of 'Abdun.
- The death of the Metropolitan Ignatius of Melitene
- The death of 'Abdun; the Patriarch pardons him in death.
- After the murder of Yohannan Sa'id bar Sabuni (i.e. John the metropolitan of Melitene) the Turks destroyed cities in the region of Melitene and left Melitene without a metropolitan for seven years.
- The Patriarch appoints Sa'id bar Sabuni's brother, Abu Ghalib bar Sabuni, as metropolitan of Urhoy and subsequently excommunicated him and split the church of Urhoy.
- The Patriarch reordained many priests ordained by Abu Ghalib.
- Bar Sabuni brings the Patriarch of the Franks to intercede before Patriarch Athanasius. Patriarch Athanasius is found wrong by the Patriarch of the Franks.
- The Patriarch Athanasius was shut up like a prisoner in Amida, but Joscelin of Edessa forced his release.
- The very forceful Patriarch Athanasius departed this life; Abu Ghalib died.
- The Rabban David was succeed as Archimandrite by Rabban Habakkuk who built a church and enforced the canons.
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88) John X [Yohannan X Maudiana] (1130–1137)
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89) Athanasius Isho' bar Qutreh [Athanasius VII bar Qutreh] (1138–66)
- In 1141 CE, the western Bishops met in Hisn Mansur and accepted the Patriarch.
- Dionysius, the Maphrian of Baghdad, died; in 1454, Maphrian La'zar was appoined in his place.
- Some came to Joscelin II and accused the Patriarch of not being canonically appointed.
- Basilius of Laqabin was accused of fornication and deposed, but the Patriarch pardoned him and assigned him the monasteries of Zabar.
- Mar John of Mardin was appointed by the Patriarch.
- Patriarch Athanasius returned and and established his seat at Amida.
- Joscelin II goes against the Turks and comes to Harran.
- Joscelin's deception with the monks of the monastery of Barsawma
- The Patriarch went to Hisn Ziyad.
- The bishop of Mardin gathered a synod of Bishops.
- A poetic ridicule of the Patriarch by Bar Andreas.
- Mosul is united with Tagrit.
- The death of Bar Andreas.
- The lapse of certain bishops, particularly Aaron of Sistan
- Bar Turkoyo fell into fornication.
- Gabriel of Mar'ash (also called Shamabir) was cast out of his flock because of fornications.
- Joseph, the nephew of Mar Timothy of Gargar, became bishop but had many vices.
- An old man, Basil, from Gihon, pressured the Patriarch to ordain his nephew while the nephew was a small child.
- When Michael, in 1163 (who would later be Patriarch), devoted himself to bringing water into the Monastery
- In the year 1164, the Patriarch Ignatius, the Maphrian, departed this life.
- In the year 1165, the easterners from Mosul and Tagrit took Mar John the abbot as Maphrian.
- The death of the venerable Mar John of Mardin
- In this same year was the death of Pope John of Alexandria and one of the Catholici of the Armenians.
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90) Michael the Great [Michael I 'The Syrian'] (1166–99)
- The Maphrian told the Eastern Bishops to ordain Michael without drawing lots.
- The dispute over the consecration of Michael the Syrian.
- The Patriarch wrote a letter on the boundaries of the Orthodox faith and sent it to Alexandria.
- The Patriarch came to the monastery of Mar Hanania and established 19 canons.
- The Patriarch's many travels and his acceptance by the Patriarch of the Franks.
- The Patriarch returned to the monastery of Mar Barsawma and gathered a council to ordain Abu Ghalib the monk in place of John of Gihon.
- Athanasius of Maypherqat died and in his place was ordained Ignatius Abu Ghalib.
- The Emperor, Maurice, wanted to meet with Mar Michael.
- Theorianus sent the patriarch a letter from the king ensuring safe conduct.
- The Eunuch Amin al-Din gave a hall in Mardin to the Arabs.
- When Mar Michael built a church in the monastery of Abu Ghalib; the death of Bishop John of Kayshum (1171); The death of Dionysius bar Salibi (1171)
- Barsawma of Mardin was captured in fornication with an Arab woman and the Arabs took his property, includeing the church of Mar Thomas in Mardin, which they turned into a mosque.
- The restoration of the great church of Melitene.
- The Patriarch went to Amid and released the church from the authorized tax.
- The accusations against John Denha of Kallinikos
- Ignatius of Hah inflicted many ills on his flock and was killed by a group of Kurds.
- Mar Michael supports the monastery of Barsawma.
- A dissension arose between the Patriarch and the Maphrian Mar Yohannan over the Hassassinaye.
- In 1180 he built a new church; his disciple, Theodore bar Wahbon [Counter-Patriarch], joined the schismatics.
- Bar Wahbon was assigned to a monastery like prison, but the monks had compassion on him and let him out during the night.
- Bar Wahbon went east, stayed in Qal'ah Rumaita, to the Catholicos of the Armenians and devoted his time to deposing Mar Michael.
- In the year 1181, the Sultan Kilij Arslan met Patriarch Michael, sought his advice, and subsequently exempted the Monastery of Melitene from the tribute.
- In 1182 Ignatius Abu Ghalib of Maypherqat died and his nephew, Ignatius Gabriel, was appointed in his place.
- In 1183 a fire broke out in the monastery of Mar Barsawma and it burnt down.
- Ignatius of Jerusalem died the same year that the monastery caught fire.
- Catholicos Gregory was forced to abandon his fortress.
- In that same year the church of Mar Yohannan in Urhoy burned down.
- Because of the heavy taxation upon Mardin, the Patriarch was forced to consecrate Maudiana of Edessa, who was shortly denounced.
- In 1188, the maphrian Mar Yohannan died.
- In 1192, the Patriarch's brother, Athanasius of Jerusalem, died.
- In that same year the Patriarch gathered 35 bishops to consecrate the new church which he built.
- In that same year Catholicos Gregory died.
- In that same year Patriarch Aimery [Syr: Zomri] of the Franks died with a large amount of money in his possession.
- In that same year, John the Patriarch of Alexandria, wrote a profession of faith that was received and preached in all the Syriac churches.
- In 1195 Leo of Cilicia occupied Qal'ah Rumaita, but was deposed and kept in Gubidara. He died in his attempt to escape.
- In 1197 there was confusion over the date of the resurrection.
- In those years,the church affairs fell into disarray.
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91) Athanasius Sliba Qraha [Athanasius VIII] (1199–1207)
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92) Michael the Younger [Michael II] (1207–15)
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93) Yohannan Isho' the Writer [Yohannan XI] (1208–20)
- Discord surrounding the consecration of Mar Yohannan Isho'
- The Patriarch's flight to Cilicia
- Sultan 'Izz al-Din confirms Patriarch Yohannan's dominions.
- The bishops with Mar Yohannan went back to the monastery in Melitene.
- The people of Melitene fall out of favor with Mar Yohannan.
- Mar Yohannan made another attempt to flee to Cilicia.
- The Bishops sought Mar Yohannan at Cilicia and brought him back to the monastery of Mar Barsawma.
- The Patriarch found no rest in his monastery due to the arrogant Archimandrite, Shem'on Tabakan.
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94) The Hermit, Igatius or Rabban David [Ignatius III David] (1222–52)
- The bishops decide to appoint Rabban David as Patriarch, but do not want to beg alms for his support from the faithful any longer.
- The bishops left Rabban David at the monastery of Mar Barsawma.
- A quarrel arose between the monks over visitations.
- The Patriarch decides to travel to Jerusalem.
- An Abyssinian monk, Thomas, desires to be consecrated for the region of the black-peoples, but could not be.
- The Patriarch brought a lawsuit against Bar Aramya to the bishops who condemned Bar Aramya.
- The Patriarch consecrates a bishop for Melitene after the death of Dionysius.
- The Patriarch built an Orthodox Church in Qal'ah Rumaita.
- The Patriarch established a seat in Antioch.
- The consecrations of Saliba bar Ya'qub Wajih of Edessa and Abu 'l-Faraj bar Ahron of Melitene.
- The building of the church of the Mother of God in Sis.
- The Patriarch built another bridge over the river which crosses through the city of Mopsuestia.
- The Patriarch met the bishops at his cell.
- The archbishops and bishops of Melitene refused to come to the Patriarchal see because they believed their lives were in danger.
- The bishop of Claudia sent a message to the Patriarch that the bishops of Melitene sought to slander him.
- The Patriarch summoned all the bishops and the Maphrian Mar Yohannan bar Ma'dani for a synod to judge between the archbishop of Melitene and himself.
- The Maphrian would not come so the Patriarch became angry and sent all the other bishops home.
- The archbishop of Melitene was not deposed; an episode about the gardener of the Patriarch murdering his wife and attempting to flee.
- The Patriarch departed to Qal'ah Rumaita and was treated honorably by Mar Constantine, Catholicos of the Armenians.
- Ahron of Laqabin deserted his flock and went to Jerusalem.
- The bishop of Khabora, Daniel, went to see the Patriarch because of his anger with the Maphrian.
- The Armenian Catholicos desired a place for an altar in the church of Harran.
- The Patriarch assures the Armenian king, Hayton, that he is seeking a place for prayer for the Armenians.
- The Patriarch departed this life on June 14, 1252.
- The funeral rites performed for the Patriarch.
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95) Dionysius Ahron [Dionysius 'Angur] (1252–61) [**Syriac/Latin edition mistakenly calls this #94, but it should be #95. Therefore the numbers will be one greater than the text]
- Dionysius gathered the bishops for his consecration but had to wait for the Maphrian.
- Dionysius of Aleppo appointed himself Patriarch to the outrage of the Maphrian.
- The Maphrian delayed the Patriarch's ordination.
- When Dionysius became Patriarch, he placed Gregory of Hisn Mansour in Melitene.
- The Maphrian was enraged over the actions of Patriarch Dionysius.
- The bishop of Laqabin went to Aleppo to prevent a schism.
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96) Yohannan XII Bar Ma'dani (1252–63)
- Bar Ma'dani consecrated Basil of Aleppo as Maphrian of the East and renamed him Ignatius.
- The newly appointed Maphrian of the East goes to Damascus.
- The Patriarch went to Mardin to establish his authority there.
- Dionysius and several of his bishops lived lavishly in Damascus during Lent.
- Dionysius gave the Sultan over Damascus 27,000 albi and was given a diploma.
- Mar Yohannan paid the same amount to obtain a diploma which deposed Dionysius.
- The monastery of Mar Quriaqos of Zoniqrat was destroyed which had been built by Shem'on of Hisn.
- The death of the Maphrian
- Troubles were made for Dionysius by his cousin, Saliba.
- Dionysius seeks refuge with the Tatars due to a false accusation by Saliba to the Sultan.
- Dionysius attempted to make peace between himself and the leaders of camp around the Khan.
- Dionysius was murdered in 1261 during the first nocturn.
- The murderers were killed by the Tatars.
- The death of Yohannan bar Ma'dani in 1263.
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97) Ignatius Isho' [Ignatius IV Isho'] (1264–82)
- The bishops gathered at the monastery of Gawikath near Mopsuestia to choose a ruler.
- The guile of the Archimandrite, Theodore of Kuphlida.
- The bishop of Aleppo appointed as a leader, Rabban Isho', the Archimandrite of Gawikath in 1264.
- The bishops consecrate a Maphrian.
- Theodore of Kuphlida proclaims his allegience to the priests at Qal'ah Rumaita.
- The Patriarch went to Tur 'Abdin then to Mardin, but some bishops spread negative rumors about him.
- King Helegu died and his son, Abaqa, reigned; he gave the Patriarch a new diploma.
- The Patriarch finally wins the allegiance of Theodore of Kuphlida.
- A certain physician, Shem'on, moved to the camp of the Mongols to work on getting rid of the Patriarch.
- Shem'on brought an envoy of Mongols to the monastery and Thodore of Kuphlida fled to the monastery of Shira.
- Shem'on seeks reconciliation.
- The Maphrian deposed Athanasius Faraj from Melitene and appointed Nemrud.
- Dionysius of Qlaudia [Saliba Harifa] died.
- In 1277 Bonduqdar [Baybars], master of Egypt, entered Beth-Romaye.
- Rabban Ya'qob, the Archimandrite of the monastery of Mar Barsawma, sent a garrison to kidnap the bishop of Melitene, but the bishop escaped
- The people of Melitene made accusations in 1281 against Rabban Ya'qob before the leader of the Tatars.
- The Patriarch's death in 1282
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98) Philoxenus Nemrud (1283–92)
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Here is where Barhebraeus leaves off and the continuators begin.
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Constantine of Melitene the illegitimate [Ignatius Constantine] (1292–93) [Counter-Patriarch]
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Barsawma, the Archimandrite of Gawikath, the illegitimate [Ignatius Mikha'il I] (1292–1312) [Sis Patriarch]
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Badr Zakkai of Mardin the illegitimate [Ignatius V bar Wahib] (1293–1333) [Mardin Patriarch]
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99) Iwanis Isma'il [Ignatius Isma'il] (1333–66) [Mardin Patriarch]
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100) Basil Gabriel of Melitene (1349–87) [Sis Patriarch]
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Ignatius [Ignatius Saba of Salah] (1364–89) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Shahab [Ignatius Shahab] (1366–81) [Mardin Patriarch]
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Ignatius Abraham bar Gharib of Amid (1381–1412) [Mardin Patriarch]
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Philoxenus the Scribe (1387-1421) [Sis Patriarch]
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Ignatius II [Ignatius Isho' of Midyat] (1389-1418) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Ignatius Behnam of Hadl (1412–55) [Mardin Patriarch]
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Mas'ud of Salah [Ignatius Mas'ud of Salah] (1418–20) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Enoch of 'Ain Warda [Ignatius Enoch of 'Ain Warda] (1421–45) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Basil Shem'on of Beth Man'em (1421–45) [Sis Patriarch]
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Ignatius V Qoma of Beth Sbirina (1446–55) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Ignatius VI Khalaf of Ma'dan (1455–84) [Mardin Patriarch]
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Ignatius VI Isho' of 'Ain Warda (1455–60) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Ignatius 'Aziz bar Sabtha [Ignatius Philoxenus 'Aziz bar Sabtha] (1460–82) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Ignatius Yohannan bar Shayallah (1484–93) [Mardin Patriarch]
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Shaba of Arbo [Ignatius Shaba] (1482–89) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch] and Yohannan bar Qopar [Ignatius Yohannan Qopar] (1482–93) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Mas'ud of Zaz [Ignatius Mas'ud] (1493–94) [Tur 'Abdin Patriarch]
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Nuh [Ignatius Nuh] (1494–1509) [Patriarch of Mardin]
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ECCLESIASTICAL CHRONICLE PART 2 [Back to Top]
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Volume 3
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Proem
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Bishops of Urhoy (Edessa)
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1) The Apostle Thomas
- Thomas's reluctance to go to India
- Thomas was asked to build a castle for the king in India.
- Thomas baptizes the king of India, his brother, and other chief officials.
- Thomas was killed by a pagan when preaching the gospel and the king of India sent his body back to Edessa.
- Thomas (also called "Judas") came from Judah, or Isaachar.
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2) Addai of Edessa
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3) Aggai, disciple of Addai
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4) Mari, disciple of Addai
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5) Ambrosius (Syr. "Abrosius")
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6) Abraham
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7) Jacob
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8) Ahadabu
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9) Shahlufa
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Bishops of Selecia-Ctesiphon
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10) Papa [Papa bar Aggai] (280–329)
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11) Shem'on bar Sabba'e (329–44)
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12) Shahdost (344–45)
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13) Barb'ashmin (345–46)
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14) Tamuza [Tomarsa] (388–95)
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15) Qayyoma (395-99)
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The Metropolitans of Selecuia-Ctesiphon
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16) Isaac (399–410)
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17) Ahai (420–414)
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18) Yabahallaha I (415–20)
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19) Magna [Ma'na] (420)
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20) Marabokht [Farbokht] (421)
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Miscellaneous
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21) Dadisho' (421–56) [Catholicos of the East]
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22) Babowai (457–84) [Catholicos of the East]
- Babowai's attempt to obey the western bishops against the Nestorians and his subsequent death at the hand of Piroz
- Barsawma convinces Piroz to declare Persian Christian as Nestorian contra "Greek" Christianity.
- Barsawma and Piroz gather a band of Persian soldiers to persecute non-Nestorian Christians.
- 7700 people were killed by Barsawma.
- The Armenians threaten to kill Barsawma if he came near.
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Acacius [Aqaq] (485–96) [Catholicos of the East]
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Babai (497–502) [Catholicos of the East]
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Shila (503–523) [Catholicos of the East]
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Schism between Elisha' (524–37) [Catholicos of the East] and Narsai (524–37) [Catholicos of the East] in which Elisha' won
- Zamasp, son of Piroz, rose up against his brother Qavadh.
- Qavadh allowed Simeon beth-Arsham to travel to Sen'ar and Persia to give strength to the Orthodox
- In 532, Qavadh died. Khusro Anushirwan took his place and burned down Antioch and displaced the inhabitants of Edessa
- Mar Christopher, Catholicos of the Armenians, appointed Garmai as metropolitan of the monastery of Mar Mattai
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Paul (539) [Catholicos of the East]
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Aba [Mar Aba I] (540–52) [Catholicos of the East]
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Joseph (552–67) [Catholicos of the East]
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Ezekiel (570–81) [Catholicos of the East]
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23) Ahudemmeh (559–75) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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24) Qamisho' (578–609) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Isho'yahb of Arzun [Isho'yahb I of Arzun] (582–95) [Catholicos of the East]
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Sabrisho' I (596–604) [Catholicos of the East]
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Gregory of Kashkar (605–608)
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25) Samuel (614–24) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Isho'yahb II of Gdala (628–45) [Catholicos of the East]
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26) Marutha (629–49) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Maremmeh (646–49) [Catholicos of the East]
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Isho'yahb III of Adiabene (649–59) [Catholicos of the East]
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27) Denha I (649–59) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Giwargis I (660–80) [Catholicos of the East]
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28) Barisho' (669–83) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Yohannan I bar Marta (681–83) [Catholicos of the East]
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Hnanisho' the Great [Hnanisho' I] (686–98) [Catholicos of the East]
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29) Abraham (ca. 684) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Yohannan the Leper (691–93) [Catholicos of the East]
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30) David (684) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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31) John [Yohannan] I Saba (686–88) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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32) Denha II (688–727) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Sliba-Zkha (714–28) [Catholicos of the East]
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33) Paul (728–57) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Pethion (731-40) [Catholicos of the East]
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Aba bar Brikh Sbyaneh [Mar Aba II] (741–51) [Catholicos of the East]
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Surin (753) [Catholicos of the East]
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Ya'qob II (753–73) [Catholicos of the East]
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34) Yohannan II of Beth Kionaya (759–85) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Hnanisho' II (775-79) [Catholicos of the East]
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Timothy I (780–823) [Catholicos of the East]
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35) Joseph (785–93) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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36) Sharbil (793–ca. 800) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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37) Shem'on (800–815) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Isho' bar Nun (823–28) [Catholicos of the East]
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38) Basil I of Balad (815–29) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Giwargis II (828–31) [Catholicos of the East]
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Sabrisho' II (831–35) [Catholicos of the East]
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Abraham II (837–50) [Catholicos of the East]
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39) Daniel (829–34) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Theodosius (853–58) [Catholicos of the East]
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40) Thomas of Tagrit (834–47) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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41) Basil II (848–58) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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42) Melchisedec (858–69) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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43) Sargis (860–83) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
- The excommunication of Hunain ibn Ishaq, the translator of the Books of Medicine
- The Patriarch debates Sargis the doctor, an Arian, before the Caliph.
- The death of Patriarch Melchisedec and Maphrian Basil in 868 and the restoration of peace
- 8 Canons were established in 869 for the unity of eastern and western bishops.
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Enosh (877–84) [Catholicos of the East]
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Yohannan bar Narsai [Yohannan II] (884–92) [Catholicos of the East]
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44) Athanasius (887–903) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Yohannan III (893–99) [Catholicos of the East]
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Yohannan bar 'Isa [Yohannan IV] (900–905) [Catholicos of the East]
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Abraham III (906–37) [Catholicos of the East]
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45) Thomas the Stylite (910–11) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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46) Denha III (913–33) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
- The Vizier was taking the privileges of the Christians in Baghdad.
- [Columns 241–242 are missing from the digitized version]. The text is as follows:
- ܘܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܣܓܝ ܪܗܝܒ ܗܘܐ ܠܘܬ ܦܘܢܝܐ ܒܠܥܕ ܒܘܩܝܐ ܐܡܪ ܕܐܢܬܘܢ ܛܒ ܝܕܥܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܢܣܛܘܪ̈ܝܢܐ ܒܬܪܘܕܐ ܠܐ ܡܫܘܬܦܝܢ. ܘܘܙܝܪܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܩܫܝ̈ܫܘܗܝ ܟܪ̈ܝܣܛܝܢܐ ܗܘܘ. ܐܬܟܚܕ ܡܢ ܡܛܝ̈ܒܐ ܕܐܡܪ ܠܗ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܛܒ ܝܕܥܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ. ܟܐܡܬ ܠܘ ܢܘܟܪܝܐ ܐܢܬ ܡܢ ܐܪ̈ܙܐ ܕܟܪ̈ܝܣܛܝܢܐ ܕܨܒܐ ܐܢܬ ܕܬܐܠܦ ܡܢܝ. ܘܗܟܢܐ ܝܪܒܬ ܘܥܫܢܬ ܣܢܐܬܗ ܕܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ ܒܠܒܗ. ܐܦ ܓܝܪ ܘܡܢ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܥܡܗ ܬܘܒ ܝܬܝܪ ܐܣܬܢܝ ܗܘ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ. ܒܗ̇ܝ ܕܒܥܠܬܗ ܐܣܬܢܝܘ ܡܢܗ ܕܘܙܝܪܐ. ܘܣܢܐܘܘܗܝ ܬܘܒ ܡܛܠ ܕܠܐ ܡܡܫܚܘܬܐ ܪܚܡܬ ܟܣܦܐ ܕܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܒܗ. ܒܚܕܐ ܓܝܪ ܫܢܬܐ ܐܣܪܚ ܬܠܬܐ ܡܝܛܪ̈ܘ̄ ܠܢܨܝܒܝܢ. ܚܕ ܡܢܗܘܢ ܡܝܬ ܒܒܓܕܐܕ. ܘܢܣܒ ܡܢܗ ܡܐܐ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܐ ܙܘ̈ܙܐ. ܘܢܣܒ ܡܢ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܗܟܘܬ ܡܐܐ ܐܦܝ̈ܐ ܙܘ̈ܙܐ. ܘܙܕܩ ܠܗ ܢܨܝܒܝܢ. ܘܟܕ ܢܦܩ ܕܢܐܙܠ. ܡܝܬ ܒܡܘܨܠ ܩܕܡ ܕܢܡܛܐ ܠܢܨܝܒܝܢ. ܘܢܣܒ ܡܢ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܫܒܥܝܢ ܐܠܦܝ̈ܐ ܙܘ̈ܙܐ ܘܙܕܩ ܠܗ ܢܨܝܒܝܢ. ܘܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܥܠ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܐܒܘܣܚܩ ܒܪܥܘܢ ܢܘܡܝܩܐ ܡܫܡܗܐ ܡܢ ܟܪ̈ܝܣܛܝܢܐ. ܘܐܫܟܚܘ ܠܩܬܘܠܝܩܐ ܕܩܫܐ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ ܟܫܝ̈ܬܐ ܕܙܘ̈ܙܐ ܘܕܝܢܪ̈ܐ. ܘܐܡܪ ܡܘܬܒܐ ܕܫܡܥܘܢ܆ ܘܥܒܕ̈ܐ ܕܣܝܡܘܢ. ܠܐ ܬܘܒ ܝܕܥ ܐܢܐ ܠܟ
- The death of the Maphrian
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47) Basil III (937–61) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Emmanuel I (937–60) [Catholicos of the East]
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48) Quriaqos II (962–80) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Israel (961) [Catholicos of the East]
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'Abdisho' I (963–86) [Catholicos of the East]
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49) Yohannan III (981–88) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Mari bar Tuba (987–99) [Catholicos of the East]
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50) Ignatius bar Qiqi (991–1016) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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Iwanis II [Yohannan V] (1000–11) [Catholicos of the East]
- The Arabs in 1002 were destroying churches in the cornmarket next to Baghdad.
- A fire destroyed a Jacobite church, but the gospel book was preserved through the fire and many Arabs converted.
- The Catholicos forbade people to mingle with Maphrian Ignatius and preached a sermon in which he prayed for the Greeks to overthrow the Arabs.
- The Caliph appointed the Catholicos of the Nestorians to sit in Baghdad and the Metropolitan of the Jacobites to sit in Taqrit.
- The harrassment of the Nestorian church by 'Ali bar 'Isa
- The death of 'Isa bar Zawra'a from Baghdad in 1007 who wrote and translated books of philosophy and medicine from Syriac into Arabic
- 'Abdisho', Metropolitan of Merv, informed the Catholicos that the king of the people of Kayreth converted to Christianity.
- Catholicos Iwanis II died.
- Abu 'Ali Hasan bar Sahel and Abu 'l-Faraj 'Abdallah ib al-Tayyib became known for their commentaries.
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Yohannan bar Nazul [Yohannan VI] (1012–20) [Catholicos of the East]
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Isho'yahb bar Ezekiel [Isho'yahb IV bar Ezekiel] (1020–25) [Catholicos of the East]
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Eliya I (1028–49) [Catholicos of the East]
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51) Athanasius of Edessa [Athanasius II] (1027–41) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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52) Basil of Tagrit [Basil IV] (1046–69) [Jacobite Meptropolitan of Tagrit]
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John bar Targhal [Yohannan VII bar Targhal] (1049–57) [Catholicos of the East]
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Sabrisho' the Wasp [Sabrisho' III Zanbur] (1064–72) [Catholicos of the East]
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'Abdisho' bar 'Arid ['Abdisho' II ibn al-'Arid] (1074–90) [Catholicos of the East]
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53) Yohannan Saliba [Yohannan IV Saliba] (1075–1106) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- The demolition of the Church of Mar Sergius and Mar Bacchus in Tagrit
- Patriarch Dionysius Mark and Maphrian Yohannan deposed the illegitimate patriarch, 'Abdon.
- The dispute between the appointed Patriarch Athanasius [Abu 'l-Faraj bar Khamara] and the monks of the monastery of Mar Mattai in Mosul
- In 1089 the Arabs destroyed the church of Mar Ahudemmeh in Tagrit and the Christians of Tagrit dispersed and most went to Mosul.
- In 1090 'Abdisho' bar 'Arid died in Baghdad.
- The death of Maphrian Yohannan in 1106
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Makkikha bar Shlemun [Makkikha I] (1092–1110) [Catholicos of the East]
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54) Dionysius Mushe [Dionysius I Mushe] (1112–42) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- Dionysius Mushe wrote a confession [of faith] for the Patriarch, but he displeased the people of Mosul.
- The Maphrian, with the aid of the Caliph, rebuilt in Tagrit despite opposition from the monks of Mar Mattai.
- The Maphrian traveled to Mosul and the church expelled his opposition, the priest and doctor, Abu 'l-Faraj.
- Sogdi, the Metropolitan of the monastery of Mar Mattai, died and the monks sought peace with Maphrian.
- Maphrian Dionysius had consecrated a Western Patriarch named Yohannan Maudiana who had a contention with the Bishop of Mardin.
- The guile and subsequent excommunication of Zakkai, bishop of Arzun
- God punished Nineveh with plagues because they did not rid themselves of Bar Kutela.
- The death of patriarch Maudiana
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Barsawma (1134–36) [Catholicos of the East]
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'Abdisho' bar Mo'ala of Mosul ['Abdisho' III] (1139–49) [Catholicos of the East]
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Isho'yahb V ibn al-Hayik (1149–75) succeeded 'Abdisho' III [Catholicos of the East]
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Eliya III Abu Halim (1176–90) succeeded Isho'yahb V ibn al-Hayik [Catholicos of the East]
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55) Ignatius II La'zar (1143–46) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- The travelling and acceptance of the new Maphrian
- The Maphrian proposed to unite the dioceses of Tagrit and Nineveh, but the Patriarch rejected his proposal.
- The Maphrian was accepted by the monks of Mar Mattai only after paying money to the governor of Mardin.
- The Maphrian's reception at the monastery.
- In 1155 the Arabs built a minaret near the oratory of the church in Gazarta d'Qardu.
- The Maphrian built oratories, chapels, and churches, and all around admired him.
- In 1159 the deposed priest, Abraham, made accusation against the Maphrian to the doctors of the Arabs.
- King George III of Iberia [Georgia] (1156–1184) bound many Arabs and gave the Maphrian and the Christians houses and churches.
- The death of the Maphrian in 1164
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56) Yohannan of Sarugh [Yohannan V] (1164–88) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- After the death of the Patriarch Mar Athanasius Qutreh, Mar Yohannan gathered bishops and went to consecrate Mar Michael in 1166.
- The Maphrian consecrated Abu Yasir as bishop over Tel Li'afar [Tel 'Afar], Abu Mara, and Maraq. He consecrated Rawad as Bishop over Beth 'Arbaye, Balad, and the monastry of Mo'allaq.
- In 1171 the monastery of Mar Mattai defened itself against Nur al-Din and then the Kurds.
- In 1172 the Arabs took the monastery near Gazarta of Qardu.
- In 1174 Maphrian Mar Yohannan came to Mar Michael the Great and wrote 12 canons with him and confirmed 24 prior canons.
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Eliya Abu Halim [Eliya III Abu Halim] (1176–90) [Catholicos of the East]
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Yahballaha bar Qayyom [Yahballaha II] (1190–1222) [Catholicos of the East]
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Sabrisho' IV bar Qayyoma (1222–25) [Catholicos of the East]
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Sabrisho' bar Masihi [Sabrisho' V] (1226–56) [Catholicos of the East]
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57) Gregory I Ya'qob (1189–1214) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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58) Mar Ignatius III David (1215–22) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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Sabrisho' V bar Masihi (1226–56) [Catholicos of the East]
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Makkikha II (1257–62) [Catholicos of the East]
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59) Dionysius II Saliba (1222–31) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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60) Mar Yohannan VI bar Ma'dani (1232–52) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- The skill and flourishing of Ya'qob [Severus], bishop in the monastery of Mar Mattai
- The Maphrian learned Arabic in Baghdad and became an admirable writer.
- The people of Nineveh accepted the new Maphrian.
- There arose a schism when both 'Angur and Bar Ma'dani were appointed patriarchs after the death of Mar Ignatius.
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61) Mar Ignatius Sliba of Edessa [Ignatius IV Saliba] (1253–58) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- The Maphrian disputed with the monks of Mar Mattai.
- The death of the Nestorian Catholicos and the trouble with appointing Makkikha II (1257–65) as his successor
- The physician, Abu 'l-'Izz bar Duqiq, spread rumors about the Maphrian.
- The Christians of Mosul were forced out by the Mongols, petitioned the Nestorian Catholicos for land to build a church, but their request was denied.
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62) Gregory Abu 'l-Faraj bar Ahron [Gregory II Abu 'l-araj] (1264–86) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- The consecration of the Maphrian in the church of the Theotokos in Sis
- The miracle of overflowing myron in the orthodox church before the crowds of Nestorians
- The death of the Nestorian Catholicos
- The Maphrian was in Baghdad during the summer and ordained many deacons.
- The Maphrian went back to Nineveh and consecrated a bishop for Gazarta d'Qardu and a bishop for Adarbagan.
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Mar Denha I (1265–81) [Catholicos of the East]
- A meeting between the Maphrian and the Patriarch in the city of Argish
- The recovery of the Patriarch from a near-death illness
- The Maphrian refused to consecrate many monks of Mar Mattai because of their lack of learning.
- The Maphrian went to the monastery of Barsawma to be reconciled with the Patriarch and later consecrated the Metropolitan of Melitene.
- In 1274 the orthodox church in Baghdad was restored.
- In 1277 Bishop Severus of Tabriz died and the monk Joseph, his nephew, was consecrated in his place.
- The Maphrian was well accepted in Tagrit.
- When the Maphrian was in Maragha, Bishop Athanasius bar Summane of Beth Nuhadra died; at that time, Shem'on [Bar Qalij], Nestorian Metropolitan of the Chinese, acted boldly and was despoiled by the Catholicos.
- The death of Yohannan, bishop of Gazarta d'Qardu, in 1280
- The death of Mar Denha
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Yahballaha III (1281–1317) [Catholicos of the East]
- The Maphrian went to Tak to bless the newly enthroned king, Ahmad.
- The Maphrian refused to appoint a new patriarch after Ignatius.
- The Maphrian consecrated the bishop of Beth Nuhadra.
- The Maphrian built a monastery in Bartelle of Nineveh.
- The Maphrian discovered the relics of Bar Naggare in 1285.
- In 1286 the Maphrian began preparing for his own death.
- The Maphrian went to Aderbaigan where he translated his Chronicle into the language of the Saracens.
- The Maphrian fell ill and died in 1286.
- The Nestorians, Armenians, and Greeks all had prayers for the departed Maphrian.
- The praise of the departed Maphrian
- The titles of the books the Maphrian had published
- More praise for the learning and discipline of the departed Maphrian
- The Maphrian's learning was complemented by his industry in restoring destroyed church buildings.
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63) Gregory III Barsawma (1288–1308) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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64) Gregroy IV Mattai (1317–45) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- The recognition of the legitimacy of the patriarchate of Badr Zakkai bar Wahib against the wishes of Maphrian Barsawma Safi
- The death of Bar Hebraeus the Younger
- The consecration in 1317 of Mattai, Maphrian of Tagrit
- Mar Gregory IV Mattai went to Bartelle to pay off his debts.
- 'Ali Pasha, sultan of Mosul, attempted to destroy the Christians of Mosul, but died before he could.
- The dissension between Maphrian Mattai and Patriarch Isma'il of Mardin
- The death of of Mar Mattai in 1345
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65) Athanasius III Abraham (1364–79) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- In 1358 the Patriarch went down to Karamlish.
- The trouble caused for the Patriarch by Dioscorus, Bishop of Damascus [Ya'qub bar Qainaya]
- The Patriarch sent a letter to some in Bartelle imploring them not to recognize the consecration of Bar Qainaya.
- After being reconsecrated, Bar Qainaya returned to Bartelle, but was expelled from Mosul. The lawyers of Baghdad subsequently murdered Bar Qainaya and burned his corpse by the Euphrates.
- The Maphrian then had a quarrel with the Bishop of Salah, whom he excommunicated.
- How Abhraham the scribe became Mar Athanasius III, the Maphrian of the East.
- Mar Athanasius was accepted by all as the Maphrian of the East.
- A swarm of locusts destroyed crops and caused a famine. The Maphrian moved from Bartelle to Tagrit and them eventually to Baghdad and then to the fortress of Erbil.
- The monks of the monastery of Mar Mattai denounced the Patriarch because he would not consecrate chrism there.
- When Mosul was captured by the Emir, Pir Mama, he received and edict from the Emir, Sultan Shah, and he went to Erbil.
- The impious Sarunshah led a band of Kurds against the monastery of Mar Mattai and pillaged the whole monastery in 1369.
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66) Basil Behnam (1404–12) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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67) Dioscorus II Behnam of Arbo (1415–17) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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68) Basil Barsawma of Ma'dan (1422–55) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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69) Basil 'Aziz (1471–87) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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70) Rabban Nuh [Basil Nuh] (1490–94) [Jacobite Maphrian]
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71) Rabban Abraham [Basil Abraham] (1496–1507) [Jacobite Maphrian]
- In the year 1494 there arose a quarrel between the bishops of Tur 'Abdin and the Patriarch Mas'ud of Zaz concerning the bishops he had unlawfully consecrated.
- The bishops of Tur 'Abdin allied themselves with the Patriarch of Mardin.
- The acceptance and respect of Mar Nuh among the Emirs and the Christians
- The consecration of Bishop Rabban Stephen of Beth Sbirina in 1496
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List of the Maphrianate after 1507
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List of Nestorian Catholicoi
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List of Chaldean Patriarchs
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General Index
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Table of Contents
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- 1. , Bar Hebraeus, The Ecclesiastical Chronicle: An English Translation. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2016. ix-xi
- 2. , The Chronography of Gregory Abû'l Faraj, the Son of Aaron, the Hebrew Physician, Commonly Known as Bar Hebraeus: Being the First Part of his Political History of the Word: Translated from the Syriac, 2 vol. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1932.
- 3. , Bar Hebraeus, The Ecclesiastical Chronicle: An English Translation. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2016. xvii
- 4. , Bar Hebraeus, The Ecclesiastical Chronicle: An English Translation. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2016.