P. - E. Dion,
La langue de Ya‘udi. Waterloo: Corporation for the Publication of Academic Studies in Religion in Canada, 1974.
G. Le Strange,
The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1905.
S. K. Samir,
L’Éphrem arabe: Etat des travaux. Rome: Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies, 1978.